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Performance of sword dances in the folklore of Scotland is recorded from as early as the 15th century. Related customs are found in the Welsh and English Morris dance, in Austria, Germany, Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Romania. * In ''Gillie Callum'' or "Scottish sword dance" the dancer crosses two swords on the ground in an "X" shape, dances around and within the 4 quarters of it. * The Highland Fling involves a fast dance steps atop a targe * The Dirk dance involves either one or two dancers, each holding a single Dirk.〔http://dirkdance.tripod.com/id1.html〕〔Traditional Step-Dancing in Scotland, by J. F. & T. M. Flett〕 == History of the Scottish sword dance == The earliest reference to these dances in Scotland is mentioned in the ''Scotichronicon'', compiled in Scotland by Walter Bower in the 1440s. The passage regards Alexander III and his second marriage to the French lady Yolande de Dreux at Jedburgh in Roxburghshire on 14 October 1285.
In 1573 Scottish mercenaries are said to have performed a Scottish Sword dance before the Swedish King, John III, at a banquet held in Stockholm Castle. The dance, "a natural feature of the festivities," was used as part of a plot to assassinate the King, where the conspirators were able to bare their weapons without arousing suspicion. Fortunately for the King, at the decisive moment the agreed signal was never given. "Sword dance and Hieland Dances" were included at a reception for Anne of Denmark at Edinburgh in 1589 and a mixture of sword dance and acrobatics was performed before James VI in 1617 〔(New Statistical Account of Scotland Edinb. 1845 x, pp. 44-45)〕 and again for Charles I in 1633, by the Incorporation of Skinners and Glovers of Perth,
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